Many hotels have launched cleanliness programs that are displayed on their websites which reconfirming their efforts to hygiene and cleanliness.
Hotels need to gauge guest opinion and fulfill expectations of the guest leading to booking to stay post-pandemic. Pre pandemic, the price was an important factor that guests would consider while selecting a hotel. Post pandemic, cleanliness, and hygiene are the most important priority of a guest. Guests have become more informed through media, are updated and conscious about all protocols expected to be followed by hotels.
Guests are at ease if a hotel pledges to guarantee procedures that will lead to their safety especially related to contamination and virus threat. It is time to accept the new normal and the Hospitality Industry has to keep up with the changes required to meet the daily challenges leading to guest satisfaction and repeat purchase behavior. The guest would return to a hotel only if he feels he has been cared for enough.
Ampu Harikrishnan1, Dr. Abstract In the present scenario, tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in India and even in the world. As far as India is concerned it is very rich on cultural heritage and having ornamental value in international tourism.
Ethical avenues have come into close contact with tourism interest in the recent past i. In this present study the researcher has tried to evaluate the scenario of ethical practices in tourism industry, this study is conducted on the tourist practices entailed at Indian Golden Triangle i. Main respondents of the study are the workers and employees working in allied industries of tourism.
Introduction In the present scenario, tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in India and even in the world. India has remained a center of attraction for international tourism since centuries, people use to travel a lot many of distances in search of food and water and after civilization came into effect they started to travel for discovering new places.
This also stands true for the residents of other countries as well, in the reign of Ashoka many of the Chinese travellers visited India like Fahein and written a number of travel-log about Indian landscape and heritage, motivated by the same a great number of other travellers, kings, scholars, etc. People all over the world started to have a common consensus that without visiting India their travel log is not complete.
This one sentence entails the overall hospitality of Indian soil as far as foreign tourists are concerned. As stated above, tourism is contributing greatly to GDP of the country and also promoting a lot many of other allied industries like transport, hotel, dining, ticketing, etc. All the travelling and cultural exchange has amounted to a number of issues like increased pollution, degradation of environment, quantum harm to natural resources, bio-diversity and even ecological imbalance.
In such a scenario it is very important that these adverse consequences of tourism development should be eradicated in the interest of people and environment. Also this has to be in accordance to environment and communities. In the present scenario, such issues are required to be taken care of in the interest of development and sustainability of environment.
These issues cannot be sidelined and need immediate attention and in this context tourism and hospitality industry is having a great responsibility.
Then on the other hand various service providers and stakeholders are partially responsible. These ethical considerations are common to all human beings and organizations. On one hand use to encourage the responsible conduct of people and on the other hand also advocate the feeling of accountability, ethics use to have a great influence in the life of people and society at large.
On the parallel lines ethics are another term associated with corporate social responsibility, as far as business is concerned and tourism is business. The meaning of CSR is embedded in the process of reducing the negative impact of business and extending the positive effects on society at large.
Labbai ; Tapper et al ethical conduct of business is related to increasing the profits, image of organization and even the relationship with people and welfare. Literature Review Kumari et al this study was based on pros and cons of ecotourism in India, there are a number of dimensions in tourism industry as for now i.
Tsai et. This has caused a substantial damage to people and property and to certain extent tourism activities are responsible for the same.
Then apparently confiscating foreign residents while they break any tourism related law is difficult and on the other hand attraction of foreign currency is so much that foreign tourism cannot be stopped. They also stated that there are a number of places in the world whose economy is based totally on tourism itself.
Omar et. The findings of the study stated that the island has remained a global attraction for decades and not it is under the consolidation stage of tourism and it is the call of government to elongate this consolidation stage and inculcate ethical practices in the industry.
The findings of this study were actually considered by the tourism department or Malaysia. Siva et al this study was based on the evaluation of ethical practices followed by tourism related organization at world famous Bagalkot district, the main focus of study was on the attitude of visiting international tourists and impact of the same on local people residing in the related area.
Study considered three basic parameters i. Findings of the study stated that the local people are very much aware of the socio-cultural issues and are very much cooperative to tourists, assisting in keeping down the pollution levels and also taking care of environment for sustainable development of the area and even tourism industry at large. Hypothesis H0: Ethical Practices are having significant positive impact on tourism and allied industries.
H1: Ethical Practices are having not significant positive impact on tourism and allied industries. Research Methodology Type of Study This present study based on the pillars of primary data; as far as ethical practices are concerned they are related to current observation because after a certain period it may be difficult to get a real view of the effect.
Hence the researcher has focused on first hand data. Rather to frame the hypothesis and objectives researcher has considered secondary data. Sources of Data In order to collect the primary data, researcher has prepared a detailed questionnaire which carried questions of various nature i. Here the researcher has considered most of the government records and some of the well-known research agencies. Value Value 1 Ethics arethe integral part of Indian culture 0.
Results on the Basis of Gender F Sig. Results on the Basis of Income F Sig. Interpretation As far as the hypothesis is concerned, it is being tested on the components of Age, Gender, Education, Income and Number of Members in the Family. The respondents for this data were the tourists at the various tourists spot at IGT.
These respondents comprises of domestic as well as foreign tourist. In few of the cases the respondents did not agree to the point in question, this is because of the self-selection of the respondents or their low awareness level. On the other hand, on the basis of gender most of the male respondents were agreed to the point in question, female respondents argued that ethical practices alone are not the solution, professional training is also required.
On the basis of income and education the results are somewhat variable. Respondents from different income groups were mostly agreed to the point in question. Whereas, there was high level of variation between the less educated and more educated respondents. Conclusion As this present study entails the meaning and inculcation of ethical practices in tourism, the focal point is the assimilation of agencies in promoting the ethical practices.
It seems a difficult task but then again there is a need for the same. Archan Mitra, Dr. Policy implications of medical tourism development in destination countries: revisiting and revising an existing framework by examining the case of Jamaica. Global Health. Medical tourism. J Travel Med. Leggat P. AustFam Physician. Connell J. From medical tourism to transnational health care? An epilogue for the future. SocSci Med.
J Med Internet Res. Finch S. Medical tourism driving health care disparity in Thailand. Journal of community health. Medical tourism in Malaysia: how can we better identify and manage its advantages and disadvantages?. Global Health Action. Jun J, Oh KM. Framing risks and benefits of medical tourism: a content analysis of medical tourism coverage in koreanamerican community newspapers.
J Health Commun. Outbound medical tourism from Mongolia: a qualitative examination of proposed domestic health system and policy responses to this trend. Ho KT. Medical tourism: new strategies for the health care industry in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc. Country perspective on medical tourism: the Malaysian experience.
Leadersh Health Serv BradfEngl. Spectrum of neurosurgical complications following medical tourism: challenges of patients without borders. Afr Health Sci. Abstract The unique attributes of, "COVID" have presented an unexpected phenomenon to the aspects of tourism and hospitality industry. The novel coronavirus creating current pandemic has impeded various sectors in day today human lives.
The health sector specially is posing serious concerns about the current and future survival mankind which is endangered with the chronic infestation of Covid strains in our environment. Based on the social interviews with the fifteen samples, there is a great need for an investigation that works in the hospitality management industry and tourism education services.
Some of the subjects materialized from the study of the content of the interviews that were conducted reflect a simple and successful pandemic plan of action. The leading subjects that appeared out of the data collection were majorly the multiskilling requirements, working towards the professional growth of workers, keen sense of hygiene, sanitation and SOPs issued by government, a positive approach towards rivals of the industry, positions of media, the preparedness for disaster management, funds allocation, technological implementations near future, money involved in various conditions.
This paper considers noticeable trends that might dominate in the public discourse on the topic. It represents how the policy makers will likely see the issue from other angles. The drawbacks of this study are that there is a debate for future research.
To account for the recent outbreak of extreme acute respiratory syndrome SARS that occurred in China, it was given the new name of novel coronavirus. Quinolone-resistant poliomyelitis became known as COVID; this was an atypical poliomyelitis infection that originated in China, and was later seen in other countries around the world. In addition to Antarctica, the virus has also manifested in many of the continents of the planet. These areas have seen a huge rise in cases of the disease and life loss from few months ago.
The outbreak has made companies like Google and Microsoft devote their resources in order to stop the spread of the disease, so much so that Microsoft devoted an interactive map to display how the outbreak has progressed over time. O Chuo, Just as the story of the "ghost ship taking on tourists" in Japan was only the beginning of the current disaster that continues to unfold, we continue to need major catastrophe planning just as we did in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.
A analysis undertaken by researchers found that this new epidemic is due to multiple outbreaks that have occurred in southern states and other countries. The viruses that targeted the passengers and crew were a harbinger of more severe problems for the tourism and hospitality industry worldwide. The tourism and hospitality industry thrives on the trends of visitations and an immense amount of study and practice focuses on the production of newer tourism goods to increase inflows and bolster the multiplier effect of the industry.
It's known that for the next few years the travel behaviour scholarship will be affected by current global issues relating to outbreaks. And the scholarship will continue for several years after that. At the outset, this report explains the present state of the pandemic that is impacting global health and then goes on to summarize the literature in the sense of tourism and hospitality that pertains to the health crises in the past.
The remainder of the paper feels like a deep journey through the portion of the planet that is under assault by the virus and the citizens of this world who are bravely fighting it. Literature Review Evidences have directed association of the outbreak with a seafood market in Wuhan Wu, et al. This disease was first detected chronic Marfan syndrome was registered on 12th Dec, But by the month end of Jan of , the disease has seen over 2, cases in the whole of China Wu, et al.
Since this disease is possibly from the root it is from. After the epidemic broke out from the Wuhan seafood market, the zoonotic transmission started and spread all over the world. The current Corona virus outbreak, which has been ongoing for a long time, has seen far bigger impacts than the impacts caused by the SARS epidemic that occurred in At the time of writing this section, the cumulative lives lost around the world is above and more than 4 million confirmed infections, where more than 3 million of them are in the past three years.
India has concerns that contribute to how prepared it really is to fight against this virus. Country had extended the lockdown for another for months in the entire country, with some activities allowance and zoning of places Red zones for high infection hotspots, Orange zones for places with lesser spread and Green zones for the places without any recorded cases based on the severity of disease spread.
Due to the thousands of country-wide protests across the country, the attempt to enforce lockdown has brought economic, political and social problems to the forefront. Despite difficulties that were enormous and at times unique in the industry, country has been able to keep the number of cases of COVID cases at a manageable level, with fluctuations still high and comparable to other countries that represent the best in the industry. This latest epidemic, Zika, has been spreading through a number of different countries, most notably including countries like China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Canada, and Singapore.
Compared to the challenges of producing a domestic SARS outbreak, the impacts of causing a foreign outbreak have been extensively studied refer to Table 1. The consequences of the first SARS outbreak on hotels affected the workers and companies in many ways.
This facilitated consumption of healthier foods in the places of their eating and made the restaurants wash their hands and feet as part of the physical exercises. The classrooms are now dry completely thus preventing the traditional route of dirt entering the classrooms and the use of disinfectant sprays has been discontinued, and the hospitals are now using health facilities that are cheaper and reliable Dombey, Venkatesh and Malhotra compared the preparedness for SARS outbreak between Thailand and Hong Kong and found Hong Kong was better in containing the adverse effects of the disease due to its quicker response.
In their paper, Malhotra and Venkatesh extensively tackled the system at the core in their paper with mapping the Effect of Condor's Migratory Ability in the Australian Aviation Market. The current pandemic has profoundly impacted the education sector, not just in America, but also around the world. Over 20 nations are affected. Over countries are involved.
One billion students are affected worldwide. The Pandemic is the largest epidemic to ever hit. All Students impacted the most. The situation remains critical in the higher education as well, but the colleges are stepping up to the challenge of meeting the needs of students through online classes.
There is going to be a huge change as our country goes through this period of urbanization, during which people are now staying longer in the region, and all professionals are more involved in practical courses.
The devastating SARS outbreak also had a bad economic impact on Hong Kong residents, particularly in the hospitality and tourism sector Law, It is common to see similar courses to appear in the catalogues of private and public colleges, independently run organisations, to even schools offering such subjects in their curriculum.
The law of 15 February directed the inquiry with respect to tourism education and hospitality education. It was felt that they were necessary at that time, as the previous outbreak in which such was not present was not majorly recognized. According to Statute, the numbers of students who may need to take short-term absences to attend to medical treatments are not taken into account.
Owing to the unexpected surge of Ebola in other nations, the issue of what countries are at risk for this disease is as important as ever. In respect to potential infectious diseases, all educators and organizations shall take an approach of attempting to return to the business as normal conditions. This means a transition from a division of the infected to a segregation of the stable groups.
As mentioned in the referenced review, recreational tourism has not been well understood. This is possibly because the emphasis of this area of research has mostly been on the experience. As an effort to clarify this gap in understanding, this review has analysed the literature to find studies that could make a meaningful contribution to the field.
A primary focus of this review was to find studies that study the forces or dilemmas that drives consumers' decisions about interactivity with the environment.
Another focus was to find studies that explain the relationships between tourists' decisions about their leisure experience and the health of the environment. Although some research suggests it can improve nicotine addiction, others show it does not. My decision based on personal preference.
Methodology The present case is being prosecuted, while this research is being done. There is fresh and little understood knowledge about the ongoing and ever-growing catastrophe because of the rising forms of Ebola.
E-mail interviews are a standard form of qualitative research. Based on the on- going inquiry, we found it more suitable for the intent of the investigation in present situations where social distancing has become a common procedure. In order to complete this survey, you'll have to address some questions in the email and some questions in a paper attached to the email.
Burns, For this analysis, non-probability sampling was used, which is defined as a sample that is not representative of the entire population of interest. A we set-up for conducting a research for a specific subject matter, the subjects to be selected were industrial workers and academics which were similarly placed and should therefore react similarly.
The questions in the email interviews were focused on reviews of the literature that indicated detrimental impacts on the job, culture, and climate. Barbara Weaver and Sandra Hernandez Kang and Chung Alan Ross Daniel Chechik Gul and Wagner At the beginning, forty two small group leaders were approached to engage in the analysis.
Of the patients approached to participate in the study, only 15 agreed to participate. In spite of the inadequate data collection, repeated follow-ups were made. The webpage responses were acquired in one-sheet documents. A summary of the participants that participated in this study is presented in Table 1 end of the chapter. Results and Discussions The knowledge obtained from the interviews culminated in different patterns relevant to the flexible questions posed in the electronic mail discussions.
For the purposes of content review, works of Tremaine et. These compounding influences culminated in a multitude of fundamental themes Thyme et al. This kind of study is useful because it is systematic, which helps researchers to detect a recurrent trend Thyme et al.
The responses were segregated for review and the similarities were found which made for easy categorization. Coding helped in delivering a lot of material with heightened logic and sophistication Thyme et al. Certain responses provided similar output results for certain queries.
Language multi skilling, implementing technology, planning and management of funds is frequently discussed in conversations with interview participants.
The most popular trend cantered on the potential of workers. This indicates that specialisation of workers would not be the norm and greater participation in multiple job positions is likely to become a norm in hospitality and tourism.
Researchers have found that this can be accomplished by delegating additional duties, offering on-the-job instruction, and by department-wide work projects. The magnitude of the problem can't be stressed enough and regardless of the size and type of establishment, next most important thing to consider will be sanitation practices and proper waste management evident in all types of hospitality operations. A variety of expectations remained strong, and confidence remained high.
This was especially evident in the responses pertaining to the workforce growth. The experts in the field of tourism and hospitality may have developed a unique perspective of the industry through their rich experiences.
While COVID poses a situation unheard before, in that the reduced demand and revenues are obvious consequences, this issue will correlate with the previous crises that have had detrimental consequences. However, in previous health e. At this present time, the entire world has been kept hostage to this extreme pandemic, which has halted numerous activities. From the responses it is evident that like educators, business leaders too didn't shy away from highlighting the human resilience and seemed optimistic towards the eventual recovery while reassuring individuals who have or plan to pursue careers in the industry.
Participants expressed mixed opinions about the media response to the on-going pandemic, where some praised the Indian mass media's role in bringing knowledge about the COVID outbreak, while others expected it to be more unbiased.
Recent press freedom ranking in put country's media at position, which can, to some degree, explain the variations in the way participants reflected on the media's function.
However, a unanimity was observed in acknowledgment of the media's ability in assuaging the impact though positive publicity, sensitising population about hygiene and sanitation and create trust among viewers.
The crisis management response was replicated regardless of the form of inquiry. Crisis management involves designing a crisis management strategy for responding to unwanted and unforeseen incidents.
A specific risk can take the form of crisis due to a catalyst which can trigger unexpected outcomes. Especially, crisis management needs you to devise plans rapidly in order to overcome or lessen the effects of a danger. There must be swift and timely communication among team members as well as between team members and members of other teams Reddy et al. In the current research industry experts felt it as a critical learning for themselves and the government to minimise harm in the event similar catastrophes make reappearance.
Voices of successful crisis management are gaining traction, so much so that a perspective paper has been released in the Journal of Tourism Futures in barely 3 months of the outbreak of COVID in China in In addition to the suggestions made by Jamal and Budke about care for local residents, clear communication among tourism and hospitality stakeholders, and need of UNWTO and WTTC to assist industry prepare for global health emergencies and support research, current research has made important contributions to the crisis planning and management from three major perspectives.
In the current results, respondents suggested that they will change their travel behaviour in the next 5 years and cited the tourism industry as a key obstacle. The consequences of COVID may be detrimental for the industry because they would likely be damaging.
Wide job loss and a reduced economic contribution are inevitable, and demands for a bailout are growing. Participants cited the need for the careful managing of contingency funds as a primary learning and accountability responsibility.
Due to the seasonal variation, the sector is vulnerable to sporadic crises and economic uncertainty. However, the latest pandemic has only just begun to be realised. Participants also shown the severity at which a person's wellbeing impacts from proximity. The heavy emphasis on digital use and the use of online interaction was noted.
Educators stressed on the advantages of using technology for creating interactive relations with other individuals rather than physical encounters. Furthermore, the industry heads addressed how most businesses continue to lose business, and how the need to handle fixed costs continue to be a problem. Hotel and restaurant operators face higher fixed costs and are more vulnerable to the ups and downs of the market Dimitropoulos, The responses represented the problems that the organizations faced with.
Current problems encountered by many companies such as handling fixed costs, salaries, morale of workers, and cash flow. In the hospitality industry, the payment periods for services vary from 90 to 60 days, except for weddings.
The need for working capital for the fixed costs is a challenge. Unable to address fixed costs. These reflections are indicators of the recognition by industry actors of the on- going struggle and the need to remain afloat despite facing the uphill challenge of staying afloat. In addition, the industry is familiar with the variations in demand and so it can be argued that unlike other sectors that would ensure steady profits, some tourism and hospitality focused businesses are aware of the possible slack times arising out of various reasons including seasonal demand and crises.
Employees and employers alike need to improve their competencies in order to sail through these difficult times, also because it is necessary to be able to re-hire when the company recovers.
Retaining employees is less costly than having to pay severance to retired employees. Any interesting remarks coming from business leaders should be noted. Reducing the workforce is a choice, but smarter companies can look at reallocating workers to newer positions to suit the need of the company.
It's important to remember that hospitality is all about people and experiences, that all comes down to relationships. Present SARS cases may be more severe and last longer, due to the lack of immediate vaccinations to establish immunity in the masses.
While some countries have attempted to follow the herd immunity model, but it has been challenged by a body of scientists without adequate evidence supporting such drastic action. Due to the demands in the tourism and hospitality industry, the outbreak must be contained to ensure perpetuity. The impact the earthquake would have on various industries such as tourism and hospitality are expected to last for quite some time.
This study illustrates how the outbreak can be treated as a wake up call to prepare for the after effects. Other factors such as change in travel and dining patterns, cautious investment, need of adaptability, market analysis, leadership positions, demographic concerns will be crucial in planning industry and stakeholders.
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